Bullying
Bullying is a form of aggressive
behavior
manifested by the use of force or coercion to affect others, particularly when
the behavior is habitual and involves an imbalance of power. It can include
verbal harassment,
physical assault
or coercion
and may be directed repeatedly towards particular victims, perhaps on grounds
of race, religion,
gender,
sexuality, or ability. The "imbalance of
power" may be social power and/or physical power. The victim of bullying
is sometimes referred to as a "target".
Bullying consists of three basic types of abuse – emotional, verbal,
and physical.
It typically involves subtle methods of coercion
such as intimidation.
Bullying can be defined in many different ways. The UK
currently has no legal definition of bullying, while some U.S.
states have laws against it.
Bullying ranges from simple one-on-one bullying to more complex bullying
in which the bully may have one or more 'lieutenants' who may seem to be
willing to assist the primary bully in his or her bullying activities. Bullying
in school and the workplace is also referred to as peer abuse. Robert W.
Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism.
Bullying can occur in any context in which human beings interact with
each other. This includes school, church, family, the workplace, home, and neighborhoods. It is even
a common push factor
in migration. Bullying can exist between social groups,
social
classes, and even between countries (see jingoism).
In fact, on an international scale, perceived or real imbalances of power
between nations, in both economic systems and in treaty systems, are often
cited as some of the primary causes of both World War I and World War II.
Etymology
The word "bully" was first used in the 1530s meaning
"sweetheart," applied to either sex, from the Dutch boel "lover, brother,"
probably diminutive of Middle High German buole "brother," of uncertain origin (compare with the
German buhle "lover").
The meaning deteriorated through the 17th century through "fine
fellow," "blusterer," to "harasser of the weak". This
may have been as a connecting sense between "lover" and
"ruffian" as in "protector of a prostitute," which was one
sense of "bully" (though not specifically attested until 1706). The
verb "to bully" is first attested in 1710.
History
Bullying, in multiple widespread forms, was a ubiquitous feature of the fascism
of Italy under Benito Mussolini. Virginia
Woolf considered fascism as a form of bullying, and wrote of Hitler
and the Nazis in 1934 as "these brutal bullies."
High-level forms of violence such as assault and murder usually receive
most media attention, but lower-level forms of violence such as bullying have
only in recent years started to be addressed by researchers, parents and
guardians, and authority figures. It is only in recent years that bullying has
been recognised and recorded as a separate and distinct offence, but there have
been well documented cases that have been recorded over the centuries. The
Fifth Volume of the Newgate Calendar contains at least one example where Eton
Scholars George Alexander Wood and Alexander Wellesley Leith were charged, at
Aylesbury Assizes, with killing and slaying the Hon. F. Ashley Cooper on
February 28, 1825 in an incident that would now surely be described as
"lethal hazing."
The Newgate calendar contains several other examples that, while not as
distinct, could be considered indicative of situations of bullying.
Definitions
Bullying is an act of repeated aggressive behavior in order to
intentionally hurt another person, physically or mentally. Bullying is
characterized by an individual behaving in a certain way to gain power
over another person
Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus defines bullying as when a person is
"exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part
of one or more other persons." He defines negative action as "when a
person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through
physical contact, through words or in other ways
SCHOOL: CECyT No.4 "LÁZARO CÁRDENAS" 
What is bullying? 
exclusion bullying
Cyberbullying is a new strain of bullying which has emerged where people use the internet, mobile phones or other technological devices to hurt someone else. It can be a really upsetting way to intimidate or attack another person. This can happen when someone posts insults about a person on a website or when someone sends upsetting text messages on a mobile. It also includes putting up pictures on a message board, pretending to be someone else in a chat room or on a web page.
61% of mid-level Mexican students report experiencing intimidation, verbal abuse or assault, while 51% said the use of drugs or alcohol in the community where he studied. Most of the time the bullying is verbal, followed by physics, refers to the organization.The first year of high school is where most see the physical and psychological abuse, among other factors, because teens have body changes associated with age, says Eugenia Franco, a psychologist at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) and child therapist .The predominant type of violence at this stage, he says, is the emotional and the 'word', but also on the increase 'cyberbullying'. It occurs more frequently in classrooms and in school yards.The specialist details that bullying occurs in young varied psychological consequences, including: display terrified to go to school, sad, nervous, lonely and troubled sleep. In the extreme case, may have thoughts of suicide.Often, the adolescent who is dedicated to harassing others actually seek care, hence try to impose their will, says the psychologist. Other times, people who are not very bright in their environment, leading to hate those who are best known to him or her, need, like children, feel a little power.Violence or intolerance in Mexican classrooms is not unknown. The National Survey 'Exclusion, Tolerance and Violence in Public Schools', conducted by the Ministry of Education of 13,000 students, confirmed that 54% of young people do not like to have as companion to a person with HIV to 52.8% would displease sharing room with non-heterosexual and 51.1% disapprove of working with students with disabilities.Of all respondents, 44.6% of men and 26. 2% of women admitted having abused their partners, while nearly 60% mentioned haberles sobrenombrs since fellow offensive. This study was conducted among students 15 to 19 years, concluding that in high school levels of intolerance of diversity were the highest.On the other hand, according to the OECD, the problem of harassment is found from the average. That drove him to the Federal District Government, together with the Legislature, to submit a bill to promote violence-free living among schoolchildren in Mexico City."No later than October this year will list this law, marking the start of hard work to be developed for children of Mexico City," said Maricela Contreras Julian, president of the Committee on Health and Social Welfare of the Federal District Legislative Assembly (ALDF), in a press release.The bill is based on studies made by the Ministry of Education capital, and to analyze experiences of countries like England, Chile and the United States on the issue of school bullying, and other materials.With the availability of these regulations, be possible to have a record of cases of victims of such violence. Furthermore, it envisages the creation of Mexican Observatory on School Coexistence, an advisory body, analysis, consultation and dissemination of the phenomenon of bullying, which also could serve victims of this phenomenon."The challenge is to have a law that ensures a school environment free of violence in the Federal District, with an emphasis on respect for the child, the gender perspective and comprehensive development," among other things, mentioned the local MP.
There are a lot of reasons why children bully. They may see it as a way of being popular, showing off, or making themselves look tough. Some children bully to get attention, and some just like making other people feel afraid of them. Others might be jealous of the person they are bullying, or might be being bullied themselves. They may not even realise that what they are doing is wrong and how it makes their victims feel. 
Remember that it is very hard for a victim to do something to stop the problem. Other people must make this happen for them. 
